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The (JFD) is the national organization of the Deaf in Japan.〔The literal translation of ''Zaidan hōjin zen-nihon rōa renmei'' is "Incorporated Foundation, Japanese Deaf-Mute Foundation"〕 JFD is also a member organization of the World Federation of the Deaf. The JFD supports Deaf culture in Japan and works to revise laws that prevent the Deaf in Japan from participating in various professions and activities.〔Nakamura, Karen. ( "Resistance and Co-optation: the Japanese Federation of the Deaf and its Relations with State Power," ) ''Social Science Japan Journal,'' Vol. 5, No. 1 (April 2002), pp 17-35.〕 In addition, JFD helps to incorporate Japanese Sign Language into education systems for the Deaf and supports the sign language interpreter system. The JFD is a politically independent national organization with limited financial resources. The 47 prefectural associations are organized in ways which constrain political action, but which are able to access to government funding which benefits its members and related constituencies.〔Nakamura, "Resistance ...," p. 18.〕 The JFD has influenced the government to pass laws for the welfare of the Deaf and implementation of the Sign Language interpreter system.〔Nakamura, "Resistance ...," p. 17 ((abstract )).〕 ==History== The JFD was founded May 25, 1947 and held its first National Congress in Kyoto May 10, 1948. Its pre-war roots arise from the Japanese Association of the Deaf, which was established in 1915 by alumni of the Tokyo School for the Deaf.〔Nakamura, "Resistance ...," p. 20.〕 As times changed, the JFD officially registered with the Ministry of Health and Welfare May 20, 1950.〔 Throughout its history the JFD has held many conferences and events for the deaf in Japan, including sporting events and legal seminars. In 1968 a campaign was organized by the JFD to pressure the government of Japan to allow the Deaf the right to obtain driver's licences, a right that had been withheld due to the Deaf's legal status as "quasi-incompetent persons". In 1969 The JFD began publishing text books and other learning materials relating to sign language and Deafness and continues to publish newsletters and updated text books today. The JFD began giving certification exams for sign interpreters in 1976 and helped establish the National Training Institution of Sign Language in 2002 for the purpose of educating sign language interpreters.〔Japanese Association of Sign Language Interpreters, ( Introduction )〕 As a result of the classification the Deaf as "quasi-incompetent persons" they were considered "incompetent due to diminished mental and/or physical capacity and wasteful habit". They were not allowed to perform legal acts related to property and were not able to apply for housing loans nor to succeed family businesses. This status was challenged by the JFD, and in 1979 they succeeded in having Article 11 of Japan's Civil Code amended; thereby allowing the Deaf to participate as fully functional persons in legal matters.〔Nakamura, ''Deaf ...'', p. 109.〕 In 2006, the National Police Agency began the process of revising Japanese laws about issuing driver licenses to persons with deafness.〔( "Hearing-impaired may drive soon," ) ''Japan Times.'' April 16, 2006.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Japanese Federation of the Deaf」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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